When Charles Dickens wrote in his 1850 novel David Copperfield about ‘a feeling, that comes over us occasionally, of what we are saying and doing having been said and done before’, he may well have been referring to the experience of déjà vu. When the popstar Madonna took the lead role in the 1985 film Desperately Seeking Susan, her character referred to her emerging snippets of memory after a head injury as exactly that. But even if it feels like you have experienced something before, is this always an experience of déjà vu?
The experience of déjà vu is hard for the individual to explain. Indeed, despite ongoing efforts, it has also proven hard for scientists and psychiatrists to fully comprehend, primarily because the experience itself is so highly subjective. Déjà vu is not a flashback. Here, the individual is able to locate themself in the event they view as familiar, thereby simply recalling having been in the same situation before.